The difference between emersed and submerged aquarium plants is that emersed plants grow above the water surface, while submerged plants grow completely underwater. Both types of plants have their own benefits and challenges for aquarists, and they can create different effects in an aquarium. In this article, we will explore the differences between emersed and submerged aquarium plants in more detail, and provide some tips on how to choose and care for them.
Emersed aquarium plants are plants that grow partially or fully above the water surface. They are also known as marginal, bog, or paludarium plants. Some examples of emersed aquarium plants are Anubias, Cryptocoryne, Java Fern, and Bucephalandra. These plants are often found in wetlands, swamps, or riverbanks, where they can adapt to changing water levels and humidity.
Emersed aquarium plants have some advantages over submerged plants, such as:
They can access more carbon dioxide and oxygen from the air, which can improve their growth and health.
They can produce more vibrant colors and flowers, which can enhance the aesthetic appeal of the aquarium.
They can provide shade and shelter for fish and other aquatic animals, which can reduce stress and aggression.
They can help reduce algae growth by competing for nutrients and blocking light.
However, emersed aquarium plants also have some challenges, such as:
They require high humidity and adequate lighting to prevent drying out and wilting.
They may need regular pruning and trimming to maintain their shape and size.
They may attract pests and diseases, such as snails, fungus, and insects.
They may not be compatible with some fish species, especially those that like to nibble on plants.
Submerged aquarium plants are plants that grow fully underwater. They are also known as aquatic, submersed, or true aquatic plants. Some examples of submerged aquarium plants are Vallisneria, Cabomba, Hornwort, and Rotala. These plants are often found in lakes, ponds, or streams, where they can thrive in various water conditions and depths.
Submerged aquarium plants have some advantages over emersed plants, such as:
They can filter and oxygenate the water, which can improve the water quality and clarity.
They can provide hiding places and spawning sites for fish and other aquatic animals, which can increase their survival and reproduction.
They can create a natural and realistic look for the aquarium, which can mimic the fish’s natural habitat.
They can offer a variety of shapes, textures, and colors, which can create contrast and diversity in the aquarium.
However, submerged aquarium plants also have some challenges, such as:
They require sufficient carbon dioxide and nutrients to grow and flourish, which may require supplementation or fertilization.
They may need special equipment and techniques to plant and anchor them in the substrate, such as tweezers, scissors, and glue.
They may be susceptible to algae growth, especially if the lighting is too bright or the water is too rich.
They may be difficult to identify and distinguish, especially for beginners, as some plants can grow both emersed and submerged.
How to choose and care for emersed and submerged aquarium plants
When choosing between emersed and submerged aquarium plants, there are some factors to consider, such as:
The size and type of your aquarium. Emersed plants are more suitable for larger and open-top aquariums, while submerged plants are more suitable for smaller and closed-top aquariums.
The water parameters and conditions. Emersed plants prefer softer and acidic water, while submerged plants prefer harder and alkaline water.
The lighting and temperature. Emersed plants need more light and warmer temperatures, while submerged plants need less light and cooler temperatures.
The compatibility and preference of your fish and other aquatic animals. Some fish may prefer emersed plants, while others may prefer submerged plants.
To care for emersed and submerged aquarium plants, you need to provide them with the following:
Adequate lighting. Emersed plants need about 10 to 12 hours of light per day, while submerged plants need about 8 to 10 hours of light per day. You can use LED, fluorescent, or metal halide lights, depending on the plant’s needs and your budget.
Appropriate substrate. Emersed plants need a nutrient-rich and well-drained substrate, such as soil, sand, or gravel, while submerged plants need a fine and smooth substrate, such as sand, gravel, or aquasoil, to prevent root damage and rotting.
Regular maintenance. Emersed plants need frequent watering, misting, and pruning, while submerged plants need occasional trimming, replanting, and cleaning. You also need to monitor and adjust the water parameters, such as pH, hardness, and nitrate levels, to ensure optimal plant growth and health.
Conclusion
Emersed and submerged aquarium plants are both great additions to any aquarium, as they can provide many benefits for the aquatic ecosystem and the aquarist. However, they also have different requirements and challenges, which need to be considered before choosing and caring for them. By understanding the differences between emersed and submerged aquarium plants, you can create a beautiful and balanced aquarium that suits your needs and preferences.
