The answer is: none. No house plant can survive being fully submerged in water for a long time. However, some plants can tolerate wet conditions better than others, and some can even grow partially submerged in water. In this article, we will explore the reasons why plants need air, the effects of waterlogging on plants, and some examples of plants that can grow in water or moist soil.
Plants need air for two main reasons: photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen. Respiration is the process by which plants use oxygen to break down sugars and release energy. Both processes are essential for plant growth and survival.
Plants have tiny pores on their leaves called stomata, which allow them to exchange gases with the atmosphere. They also have air spaces in their stems and roots, which allow them to transport gases throughout the plant. When plants are submerged in water, they cannot access the air they need for photosynthesis and respiration. This leads to a lack of oxygen and a buildup of carbon dioxide, which can damage the plant cells and cause them to die.
What Are the Effects of Waterlogging on Plants?
Waterlogging is the condition where the soil is saturated with water, leaving no air spaces for the roots. Waterlogging can occur due to heavy rainfall, poor drainage, overwatering, or flooding. Waterlogging can have negative effects on plants, such as:
Reduced root growth and function: Waterlogged roots cannot absorb water and nutrients efficiently, and they are more prone to rotting and fungal infections.
Reduced shoot growth and function: Waterlogged plants have less energy and resources to produce new leaves, flowers, and fruits, and they are more susceptible to wilting and chlorosis (yellowing of the leaves).
Reduced resistance to pests and diseases: Waterlogged plants have weakened immune systems and are more vulnerable to attacks by insects, bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Reduced survival rate: Waterlogged plants have a higher risk of dying due to stress, starvation, or suffocation.
While no house plant can survive being fully submerged in water, some plants can grow in water or moist soil. These plants have adaptations that allow them to cope with wet conditions, such as:
Aerenchyma: A type of tissue that contains large air spaces, which provide buoyancy and oxygen storage for the plant. Examples of plants with aerenchyma are water lilies, lotus, and duckweed.
Adventitious roots: Roots that develop from the stem or leaf nodes, which help the plant anchor itself and absorb water and nutrients from the water. Examples of plants with adventitious roots are pothos, lucky bamboo, and spider plant.
Rhizomes: Underground stems that store food and water for the plant, and produce new shoots and roots. Examples of plants with rhizomes are peace lily, snake plant, and ginger.
Hydrophytes: Plants that are adapted to living in aquatic environments, either partially or completely submerged in water. Examples of hydrophytes are water hyacinth, hornwort, and anubias.
Here are some tips on how to grow these plants in water or moist soil:
Choose a suitable container: The container should be large enough to accommodate the plant and its roots, and have drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. You can also use a clear glass vase or jar to display the plant and its roots.
Choose a suitable medium: The medium should be able to retain moisture and provide support for the plant. You can use soil, peat, sand, gravel, perlite, vermiculite, or hydroponic solution. You can also use plain water, but you will need to change it regularly and add some fertilizer to provide nutrients for the plant.
Choose a suitable location: The location should provide adequate light and temperature for the plant. Most plants prefer bright indirect light and moderate temperatures, but some may require more or less light and heat. Avoid placing the plant near direct sunlight, heaters, or air conditioners, as these can cause stress and damage to the plant.
Choose a suitable watering schedule: The watering schedule should depend on the type of plant, the type of medium, the size of the container, and the environmental conditions. Generally, you should water the plant when the top inch of the medium feels dry, or when the water level drops below the roots. You should also check the water quality and pH regularly, and adjust them if needed.
No house plant can survive being fully submerged in water for a long time, as they need air for photosynthesis and respiration. However, some plants can tolerate wet conditions better than others, and some can even grow partially submerged in water. These plants have adaptations that allow them to cope with wet conditions, such as aerenchyma, adventitious roots, rhizomes, and hydrophytes. To grow these plants in water or moist soil, you need to choose a suitable container, medium, location, and watering schedule. By following these tips, you can enjoy the beauty and benefits of these plants in your home.
